基于沉积模式的地震多属性量化沉积微相解释方法——以松辽盆地北部高台子地区泉头组三-四段为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

陈树民  沈加刚  宋永忠  张尔华  乔彦国  于兴河  关晓巍 《地质科学》2009,44(2):740-758

本文针对松辽盆地北部扶杨油层赋存的泉头组三.四段河道砂体地震识别问题开展了地震地质综合研究.以高分辨率层序地层学原理和沉积岩石学理论为指导,识别了沉积微相和河道砂体沉积特征,用钻井和地震联合分层对比的方法建立层序地层格架和区域沉积微相展布模式,确定了地震剖面上具有可对比追踪性的四级层序界面.通过地震多属性多元回归与聚类分析拟合含砂率,在沉积模式的指导下对含砂率平面图进行沉积微相解释,确定河道砂体的宅间展布和有利区,经钻探验证说明取得了较好的预测效果.  相似文献   

Origins and genesis of loess deposits in central Spain,as indicated by heavy mineral compositions and grain‐size variability     

Daniel Wolf  Karoline Ryborz  Thomas Kolb  Ruben Calvo Zapata  Jesús Sanchez Vizcaino  Ludwig Zller  Dominik Faust 《Sedimentology》2019,66(3):1139-1161

The formation of loess deposits strongly depends on the availability of deflatable dust‐sized material. Identification of source areas and mechanisms of dust production is essential for an appropriate characterization of related palaeoenvironmental conditions. So far, little research has been done on loess deposits in the Mediterranean region and information about mechanisms of dust production is very rare. In this context, it is not clear from where the loess deposits from the upper Tagus Basin in central Spain originated. The main objective of this study was to find out whether these loess deposits were formed primarily by mountain processes and fluvial comminution, or whether they have their origin in the weathering of Tertiary marls in the centre of the Madrid Basin. A further concern was to link the determined source areas with loess formation mechanisms and concomitant environmental contexts. Following a comprehensive approach using heavy minerals and grain‐size data, together with information on stratigraphic features and geomorphic positions, different local loess sources could be identified. This study shows that during the last 35 kyr a major proportion of the Tagus loess deposits was deflated from river floodplains, while the mountain region of the Iberian Range was identified as a significant source of respective floodplain sediments. Based on heavy mineral compositions and dating results, it was found that during Heinrich Stadial 3, sediment supply from the Iberian Range strongly increased, suggesting an environmental shift from initially warmer towards colder temperatures in late Marine Isotope Stage 3. Furthermore, it was found that grain‐size patterns clearly indicate maximum wind strengths during Heinrich Stadial 3, followed by Heinrich Stadial 2 and Heinrich Stadial 1. These results demonstrate that the formation of dust‐sized particles in this part of the Mediterranean operated similar to many other places in temperate and continental regions, and that weathering processes linked to hot and dry environments were only of minor importance.  相似文献   

塔里木河流域人水和谐定量评价及调控对策   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

左其亭  张云 《干旱区地理》2008,31(2):164-174

针对人水和谐难以量化的难点问题及塔里木河流域缺乏定量评价研究的现状,详细介绍一套完整和系统的人水和谐量化方法体系,并在典型干旱区的塔里木河流域进行了详细的应用实例研究。通过实例的应用及分析,该方法经过定量计算得到了塔里木河流域的人水和谐度,比较客观的反映该流域的人水和谐程度。本文所做的工作丰富了人水和谐量化理论的研究,将人水和谐理念付诸于水资源管理实践有一定的理论和应用意义。  相似文献   

PCBs in fish from the southern Baltic Sea: levels, bioaccumulation features, and temporal trends during the period from 1997 to 2006   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Szlinder-Richert J  Barska I  Mazerski J  Usydus Z 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(1):85-92

Levels of seven marker polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been determined in five species of Baltic fish collected during 1997-2006. Downward time trends in the concentrations of heavier congeners of PCBs in different Baltic fish, with the exception of cod, have been observed between 1997 and 2001. In case of sprat and herring samples, the statistical significance of the time trends of the PCBs: 101, 118, 153, 138 and 180 concentrations has been proved. Species-specific bioaccumulation of PCBs has been indicated, and the lowest and highest levels of PCBs (expressed on the basis of lipid weight) have been observed in sprat and salmon samples, respectively. PCB profiles have been found to be similar in all the fish species tested. Sampling location has not been a crucial factor for the observed levels of various PCBs. In some fish species, PCB concentrations are negatively correlated with the fat content but have no relation with the fish length.  相似文献   

海湾分类系统研究   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13  

吴桑云  王文海 《海洋学报》2000,22(4):83-89

在全国海湾调查的基础上,将《中国海湾志》所记载的96个海湾的基本要素进行了统计分析,选择了海湾的水域率、开敞度、形态系数、动力参数等量化指标,对中国海湾分类进行定量化划分的探索,同时对海湾的成因分类也进行了有益的探讨.  相似文献   

中国西北地区寒武纪岩相古地理   总被引：20，自引：18，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

冯增昭  张家强  金振奎  鲍志东  王国力 《古地理学报》2000,2(2):1-10

西北地区是指贺兰山及六盘山以西和昆仑山以北的我国西北部的广大地区。作者在各露头剖面及钻井剖面的地层学和岩石学研究的基础上,采用单因素分析综合作图法,编制出了中国西北地区寒武系各统的各种单因素图和寒武纪各世的岩相古地理图。这些岩相古地理图具有定量、多级别和多类型的特点。定量,即每个古地理单元的划分和确定都有确切的定量的单因素数据和图件为依据。多级别,即已划分出三级古地理单元,如陆和海为一级;在海中又划分出台地、盆地和斜坡,为二级;在台地中,又划分出滩、坪、湖等,为三级。多类型,即每个古地理单元,主要是二级和三级古地理单元,还可根据其岩石特征区分出不同的类型,如台地可区分出碳酸盐岩台地、碎屑岩台地等,盆地可区分出硅质岩盆地、碎屑岩盆地、石灰岩盆地、复理石盆地、火山岩盆地等,滩可区分出亮晶颗粒滩（准滩、雏滩）、灰泥颗粒滩（准滩、雏滩）等。这种古地理图在西北地区还是首次出现。西北地区寒武纪岩相古地理格局可概括为“陆海并存,海中台盆相间分布,台中有滩坪湖,台盆间有坡”。新疆北山地区和西昆仑甘青地区的古地理特征有所不同,但其古地理格局和演化阶段以及海进过程则是相同的。  相似文献   

数量化理论在泥石流易发性预测中的应用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

程英建  石豫川  石胜伟  刘富开 《水文地质工程地质》2015,42(1):140-145

泥石流易发性是泥石流研究中的重点与难点,泥石流易发性的确定对于泥石流整体特征的把握具有十分重要的作用。在总结现行标准和前人研究不足的基础上,从发生学角度选取流域面积、纵坡降、谷坡坡度等9个评价指标,采用数量化理论Ⅰ建立了泥石流易发性预测模型。通过模型自检和应用验证结果表明,模型准确率分别达到87.14%和90%,证明了该方法在泥石流易发性评价中的合理性与有效性。  相似文献   

Testing techniques to quantify drumlin height and volume: synthetic DEMs as a diagnostic tool          下载免费PDF全文

John K. Hillier  Michael J. Smith 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(5):676-688

Glacial bedform height (H) and volume (V) likely preserve important information about the behaviour of former ice sheets. However, large systematic errors exist in the measurement of H and V. Three semi‐automated methods to isolate drumlins from other components of the landscape (e.g. trees, hills) as portrayed by NEXTMap have recently been devised; however, it is unclear which is most accurate. This paper undertakes the first quantitative comparison of such readily implementable methods, illustrating the use of statistically representative ‘synthetic landscapes’ as a diagnostic tool. From this analysis, guidelines for quantifying the 3D attributes of drumlins are proposed. Specifically, to avoid obtaining incorrect estimates caused by substantial systematic biases, interpreters should currently take three steps: declutter the digital elevation model for estimating H but not V; remove height data within the drumlin; then interpolate across the resultant hole to estimate a basal surface using Delaunay triangulation. Results are demonstrated through analysis of drumlins in an area in western central Scotland. The guidance arguably represents the best current advice for subglacial bedforms in general, highlighting the need for more studies into the quality of mapped data using synthetic landscapes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

沉积学发展及油气勘探领域热点问题概述     

姜文超  张新荣  方石  袁魏  王凯  刘林萍 《地质与资源》2014,23(4):398-407

沉积学发展经历了萌芽与初步形成、沉积岩石学到沉积学、沉积学全面发展3个阶段.研究范畴从微观到宏观,从沉积岩的岩类学特征深入至成因探讨,从岩石观察到对沉积相的解释.层序地层学、地震沉积学是沉积学定性到定量化研究的开端,地球化学、数值模拟和实验技术是实现定量化的有效途径.总结了当前油气勘探领域中沉积学的热点问题,如地震沉积学的理论研究和实际应用,深水沉积的识别,白云岩的成因,浅水三角洲在油气勘探开发中的发展前景,旋回地层学及全球变化沉积学的发展与挑战等,为新的理论方法和技术手段的进一步完善提供基础信息.  相似文献   

山体基面高度对欧亚大陆东南部林线分布的影响——山体效应定量化研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

韩芳  张百平  谭靖  朱运海  姚永惠 《地理学报》2010,65(7)

根据收集到173个林线数据,采用纬度、经度和基面高度的三元一次方程拟合欧亚大陆东南部林线分布,计算各自的标准回归系数和贡献率,以此来确定山体基面高度(山体效应的简明表达形式)对林线分布高度的影响。结果表明,纬度、经度和山体基面高度对林线分布高度的贡献率分别为30.60%、26.53%、42.87%。以北纬32o为界线,对其以北、以南区域也分别进行了分析,基面高度的贡献率达到24.10%和39.11%。分析不同尺度和区域山体基面高度作用于林线的贡献率不难发现:在欧亚大陆东南部以基面高度代表的山体效应对于林线高度的影响显著,明显地超过了纬度和经度。基面高度的作用受气候条件和海陆位置影响较小,不论大陆内部或沿海,基面高度分异对山地垂直带分异的影响都相对独立和稳定。该结果定量地表明了山体效应对林线分布高度的重要作用。  相似文献